The Pahlawi Era (1925-1979)
When in 1925 the former soldier of humble origin Reza Khan "Maxim", assumed the Persian Peacock Throne, our immediate own family, the House of Zarrinkafsch-Bahman, emerged in the very same year. Reza Khan originated from Mazanderan and initially was lieutenant-colonel (mirpanj) in the Cossack division responsible of the Maxim machine gun. Later he became "Sardar Sepah" (lit. "Head of the Armed Forces", i.e. Commander-in-Chief) and finally finished the Qajar regime by founding as Reza Shah Pahlawi his own Pahlawi dynasty (1925 to 1979). Under the two Pahlawi rulers, Reza Shah (r. 1925-1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah (r. 1941-1979), the members of the House of Zarrinkafsch-Bahman were installed in several posts in diplomacy and military. From one side of Kurdish origin from the other a branch of the Qajar princely line of Azerbaijan, the House of Zarrinkafsch-Bahman was established when in 1925 Soltan Kazem Khan Zarrinnaal aka Kazem Zarrinkafsch, third son of Agha Mirza Ali Akbar Khan-e Zarrinnaal "Nasr-e Lashkar" by Roghiyeh Khanom Wali, married Nosrat ol-Molouk Khanom Bahman (Qajar), daughter of H.H. Princess Malekeh-Afagh Khanom Bahmani-Qajar and Mirza Amanollah Khan Tabrizi Zafarkhanlu-Qajar "Zia os-Soltan":
13. Kazem Khan Zarrinkafsch "Sakar-e Sarhang" (1896-1971)
Colonel Kazem Khan "Sakar-e Sarhang" in 1939.
Agha Mirza Ali Akbar Khan-e Zarrinnaal "Nasr-e Lashkar's" third son by his second wife Roghiyeh Khanom Wali was Kazem Khan Zarrinkafsch "Sakar-e Sarhang" called Mirza Dadash by his younger siblings and then Agha Jan (lit.
"Dear Sir") by the family. Named after the 7th Shiite Imam Musa
al-Kazim, he was born on 7th of November 1896 at Tehran, died 4th of
April 1971 by stroke in Kiel/Germany and was buried in the family mausoleum at Behesht-e Zahra near Tehran. (The mausoleum's eywan
or entrance hall was damaged by Islamic revolutionary troops in 1979
and the name's graffity of "Zarrinnaal" was destroyed by revenge
because of the family's infliction with the old regime and here
especially because of Ahmad Khan Zarrinnaal's duties in the Ministry of
Justice under Mohammad Reza Pahlawi!) After his grandfather, father and
eldest brother Nasir on-Nezal who became the third hereditary lashkar-newis and later sartip (lit.
"Leader", i.e. Brigardier-General or Two-Stars General) under Reza Shah
Pahlawi, Kazem Khan entered military service and studied at the Tehran
military academy Russian and artillery warfare. Then he was made
Lieutenant (nayeb) of Artillery, in 1924 Captain (soltan)
and then entered service of that Generalissimo Reza Khan, who became
the future Reza Shah Pahlawi and was in those days commander-in-chief
of the Qajar army and almighty minister of war.
Reza Khan
introduced in 1922 a stringent classification of the army in several
ranks with every soldier advanced by performance, period of service and
seniority but not by his family background as in common under the Qajar
aristocracy before.
When
captain of artillery in 1931 Kazem Khan was posted to Rezayieh
(Urmiyeh) in the western province of Azerbaijan, where a jealous
superior avoid his further career advancement. He did not catch the new
shah's eye until an inspection of the troops in 1934, when the shah
recognized, that Kazem Khan still was not forwarded, entitled him first
major (yasar) of artillery and in 1938 finally colonel (sarhang) of the Imperial Iranian army. He also received the Pahlawi's Imperial Order (neshan-e homayun) second class, with eight-rayed breast star and a red-bordered green ribbon, the former Decoration of Lion and Sun of Qajar times. Thereupon he went back to Tehran and his family moved to a villa in the Zarrinnaal's
city district on his father's former estates. All family members took
residence there on a huge park area between the Avenue Zarrinnaal and the Zarrinnaal-Alleys. Later the family moved to the cooler northern part of Tehran at the feet of Alborz-Mountains at Shemiran.
Here, Kazem Khan's youngest brother Ahmad Khan bought a huge rocky
desert area in the early 1940's. Cleverly he speculated with land,
earned a lot of money with re-saling of estates and constructed a
splendid huge dacha site with pools and a small river from the
mountains. His siblings joined him and finally moved from the old
southern family district in Tehran's East to this place. In the evening
times all relatives came together for gathering at the new founded
club-house of "Zarrinnaal
Club". With the Islamic Revolution in 1979 Ahmad Khan lost all his
possessions and the land had been nationalized. Now this area belongs
to a district called Seyyed Khandan. It is situated at present day Khiyaban-e Dr. Ali Shariati and Khiyaban-e Khajeh Abdollah Ansari, and there were apartment-buildings and a beautiful park (Park-e Zarrinnaal) erected there on the former private residential and club area. In
1946, tired of the corrupt Pahlawi regime, Kazem Khan quitted his
military service, retired to private life and carried on business in
road construction as well as he farmed his real estates at his village
of Zarrinabad next to the city of Qazwin.
Nearly
fourty years later then the first family picture: All children of Nasr-e Lashkar at Tehran 1940.
Sitting from left to right: Talat al-Molouk Khanom, Mohammad Ali
Khan "Nasir on-Nezal", Zarrin-Malek Khanom, Javad Khan, Sakineh
Zarrin-Homa Khanom, Kazem Khan. Standing: Ahmad Khan, Mehdi Khan, Jafar
Khan, Davood Khan.
The women of the Zarrinnaal family in their home's courtyard, from left to right: Zarrin-Malek with her nephew Ali Zarrinpour, Talat ol-Molouk, Nosrat ol-Molouk with her son Abdol Hossein Amir Keywan, Nayereh Khanom Zarrinnaal (the fourth wife and widow of Nasr-e Lashkar) and Sakine Zarrin-Homa with her niece Zarrin Rokh.
The Zarrinnaal siblings with their spouses in the early 1940's : Javad Zarinnnaal and
Ehteram ol-Waliyeh, Davood Zarrinnaal and Shams on-Nahar Wali...
Ahmad Zarrinnaal and Badiyeh ol-Jamal Bahman (Qajar), Sakineh Zarrin-Homa Zarrinnaal
and General Mohammad Bagher Khashayar at their wedding ceremonies...
...Zarrin-Malek
Zarrinnaal and Mostafa Wali. All their offspring are today part of the
greater Zarrinnaal and Zarrinkafsch (Bahman-Qajar) Family.
A document from the Pahlawi era about Javad Khan's merits in the military sector with the name "Zarrin Naal" in caligraphy. (Courtesy by Alireza Zarinnal)
Another
incident for breaking up relations with the Pahlawis happened in 1953
when the family's cousin Brigardier-General Mahmoud Afshartous, 6th son of
Kazem Khan's aunt Banou Fatemeh Soltan Khanom by her husband Hassan Khan
"Shebl os-Saltaneh" (Qajar-Quvanlu) was killed.
When Prime Minister Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh (r. 1951-1953), who was leader of the National Front, a liberal democrat and an ardent nationalist, more and more governed without parliament to reduce the Shah’s power, some politicians feared the democratic measures will end in despotism. Finally Mossadegh using emergency acts to reach his aim in nationalizing the Iranian oil industry organized a plebiscite to close parliament. The opposition saw in this fact a sign that he would ally with the communist Tudeh party, became a Soviet affiliated dictator and wanted to abolish the monarchy system in Iran. Thus, in 1953 Mozaffar Baqai, founding member of the Iranian Toilers’ party and a former companion of Mossadegh allied with General Fazlollah Zahedi, a close friend of the Shah, to depose Mossadegh. In Baqai’s house the conspirators gathered and planned the murder of Mossadegh’s loyal chief-of-police General Mahmoud Afshartous. An able general of the Imperial army, Afshartous was made military governor of Tehran and chief-of-police by his great-uncle in marriage Mossadegh on 23rd of July 1952. But when he became too popular and powerful to Mohammad Reza Pahlawi he was kidnapped, tortured and strangulated to death by the Shah's agents on 24th of April 1953. Hossein Khatibi who was responsible for Afshartous’ kidnapping and killing affirmed that documents had been found with Afshartous indicating a general arresting of all US-agents and Shah’s supporters in Iran. Afshartous’ fate was sealed and the plot against the democratically elected prime minister ended with the CIA-sponsored coup d’etat of 19th of August 1953.
For a full article about General Mahmoud Afshartous on WIKIPEDIA please click - here
The US-magazine TIME fully reported in an article "In a Persian Alley" Monday, May 04, 1953:
"At 45,
ruggedly handsome Brigadier General Mahmoud Afshartous was Iran's top
cop. He played no politics, and he enforced the law impartially, an
attitude so exceptional in Iran that it seemed somehow vindictive. Four
months ago Mohammed Mossadegh, his great-uncle by marriage, appointed
Mahmoud chief of the National Police. He was reportedly slated to head
up the army too, as soon as Mossadegh pried it loose from the Shah.
Mahmoud was going places.
One
evening last week, the usually precise Mahmoud arrived at his office
two hours late. He riffled through his mail until he found one letter,
which he read and reread several times. At 9 p.m., his other mail still
unread, Mahmoud buckled on his pistol, took his briefcase, and told his
driver to drop him off at Khaneghah Avenue. He left his briefcase and
revolver behind in the Buick, set off along Khaneghah Avenue, an
alleylike street honeycombed with apartments. He paused for a moment in
a grocery, inquired of a boy there the address of a Hossain somebody
(the boy could not remember the rest of the name), walked out and
vanished.
At
1 a.m. Premier Mossadegh was roused from bed with the news of the
disappearance; within a few minutes 500 cops rushed into the area where
Afshartous was last seen.
Khaneghah
Avenue was a strange alley for Iran's top cop to venture into
unprotected. Some of Mossadegh's bitterest enemies made their
headquarters there, including the Retired Officers' Association and the
Fascist-like Sumka Party. But it is also home to several notorious easy
women, and Tough Cop Afshartous had a reputation for philandering.
The
principal pro-Mossadegh daily, Bakhtar-e-Emruz, hinted broadly: "It is
known that the general did not go out of his way to avoid the company
of women." The police picked up Tamara, a faded femme fatale, Teheran's
top belly dancer two decades ago, along with another dancer named
Helene and a tall, hard Rumanian barmaid called Nelly. But they knew
nothing, and were released. Then the cops went looking for—but could
not find—General Fazlollah Zahedi, head of the Retired Officers'
Association and an avowed anti-Mossadegh plotter. The government
offered 500,000 rials (about $15,000) for information, and promised
amnesty to anyone producing Afshartous.
Patiently
cops plodded from door to door, looking up all the neighborhood
Hossains, a job comparable to checking all the Joes on Chicago's South
Side. When they came to the home of Politician Hossain Khatibi, once a
prominent supporter of Mossadegh and now loudly in opposition, they
were bothered by the heavy smell of perfume mixed with another,
hard-to-place odour. Under questioning, the servants cracked: the other
smell, which the perfume was intended to hide, was chloroform.
Gradually
the whole story came out. Mahmoud Afshartous had gone to Khatibi's home
that fateful night, lured by an offer to act as mediator between
Mossadegh and his antagonists. Waiting plotters grabbed him, he
struggled, was finally subdued and chloroformed. The plotters hauled
Afshartous off into the mountains near Teheran, tortured him, finally
garroted him to death. This week the cops found the corpse, roped
around the neck, hands and feet, in a shallow grave beside a road
outside Teheran. They arrested Khatibi and several brigadier generals,
associates of the missing General Zahedi.
Mossadegh
ordered Afshartous' flag-draped coffin borne through the streets of
Teheran on a caisson; and proclaimed a day of national mourning. The
day of Afshartous' burial marked the second anniversary of Mossadegh's
taking power."
General Mahmoud Afshartous.
Mohammad Afshartous' family goes back to Agha Mirza Zaman Khan Kordestani "Lashkar-nevis" and Pari Soltan Khanom Pir-Bastami's only daughter Banou Fatemeh Soltan Khanom and her husband Hassan Khan Qajar-Quvanlu "Shebl os-Saltaneh". Shebl os-Saltaneh (lit. "Lion Cub of the Monarchy") was the 6th son of Amir Issa Khan Vali "Ehtesham od-Dowleh" son of Amir Mohammad Qassem Khan Qajar-Quvanlu "Amir Kabir" and youngest brother of Mehdi Qoli Khan "Majd od-Dowleh". Thus, he was the youngest scion of the famous and powerful Quvanlu line of the royal house and got this title. His career at court started as personal adjudant (ajudan-e hozour-e homayouni) to his cousin Nasser od-Din Shah Qajar whom he accompanied with his brother on several trips. Later he hold different posts including that of governor of the Afshar tribe from the city of Tous in Khorassan where his mother's family originated from. When family names were mandated his family was named "Afshar-e Tous" or finally Afshartous. The Afshartous family were six brothers and two sisters, who intermarried with their relatives from the Amirsoleymani (Qajar-Quvanlu) and Zarrinkafsh lines. Mohammad Afshartous was his 6th son and twice close related to the Pahlawis via Queen Touran Khanom Amirsoleymani (Qajar-Quvanlu) "Qamar ol-Molouk". Queen Touran was the third wife of Reza Shah Pahlawi, who married him 1922 and was divorced one year later. Once the Queen was closely related to Afshartous' own father Shebl os-Saltaneh and twice Mahmoud Afshartous had married Fatemeh Bayat, daughter of Qods-e Azam Atabaki, the maternal aunt of Qamar ol-Molouk. Therefore, the Queen's only son Prince Gholam Reza Pahlawi, the Shah's half brother, came to Banou Fatemeh Soltan's house as envoy and representative of the Pahlawi monarchy to condolence Mahmoud Afshartous' family. But Banou Fatemeh Afshartous, then an old little lady out of grief for her dead son, bravely asked the prince: "I am wondering that my son's murderer sent you to come here. What did my son do wrong than only being a real patriot who loved his country? What did my son do wrong in the eyes of his murderer, the Shah, your brother?" Ashamed the prince left that funeral cometogehter and our family cut officially any relations with the court.
Hassan Khan Quvanlu-Qajar Afshartous "Shebl os-Saltaneh" as court grandee.
Nasser od-Din Shah Qajar with his hunting party. First row from right to left: Shebl os-Saltaneh Afshartous with a riffle, his elder brother Majd od-Dowleh Amirsoleyman, the Shah, Amin os-Soltan Atabak-e Azam, Fakhr ol-Molk Ardalan, Asaf od-Dowleh Shirazi, Majd os-Saltaneh, N.N., a black servant.
Banou Fatemeh Soltan Afshartous (sitting right) with her children Ali Afshartous (far right), Mahmoud Afshartous (far left), Fatemeh Bayat-Afshartous, Malek Zaman and Simin and grandchildren, 1948.
The Afshartous brothers: Fath Ali Afshartous and his uncles Ali Afshartous and General Mahmoud Afshartous...
...Mohammad Bagher Afshartous with Githy Afshartous (wife of Fath Ali), his elder daughter Fereshteh Afshartous, his son Fath Ali Afshartous and his younger daughter Fourouzan Afshartous...
...Mostafa Afshartous as officer with his young family, his wive Ezzat Zaman Zarrinkafsh and Azita Afshartous...
...and about twelve years later adding the two boys Kouros and Kambys Afshartous.
Mahmoud Afshartous as young officer. Wedding 1947: Fatemeh Bayat and Afshartous
Prince Gholam Reza Pahlawi with his aunt Qods-e Azam Atabaki and mother Queen Touran.
In
1930 Reza Shah had decided that all Iranians should carry family names
like in Europe. Until then in Persia a person's name was composed of
the traditional Islamic parts of first name (esm), a sobriquet (kunya), the father's name (nesab), name of provenience and sometimes a personal title (laqab).
But family names as a surname were not common. At the same time with
the new law and right to a name the shah abolished officially all
former titles of the aristocracy. With his siblings
Kazem Khan adopted the former title of Zarrinnaal as their common family name of Zarrinnaal, while his uncle Mirza Ali Asghar Khan chose the clan's name of Zarrinkafsh as his surname and then was called Ali
Asghar Zarrinkafsh. Thirteen years thereafter in 1943, Kazem Khan named
himself Zarrinkafsch, too, after he fell out of with his younger
brother Jafar Khan. Kazem Khan demanded from the family to avoid any
contact to Jafar Khan, who, according to Kazem Khan, should have treat
badly his young bride Fahimeh Khanom. The family of course kept contact
furthermore with Jafar but Kazem Khan did not want to bear the
same family name than his younger brother anymore and then changed it.
Finally on his deathbed he wanted to make peace with his brother and
renamed but failed because Kazem was in Germany and Jafar in Tehran.
Another
visible mark in Iran's public life to make the country more Western
"modernized" was made by Reza Shah in 1936 with the abolition of
veiling in the streets. Henceforth women's traditional veil and
headscarf were forbidden in Iran and men were not allowed to wear
beards but were forced to wear Western attire. So people's wardrobe
dramatically changed and then women wear large hats and long dresses
instead of the former tshador. Commemorating this rule there was an official celebration
with military commanders of the Iranian armed forces, government
officials and their wives. Finally, his son Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlawi
lifted the ban on veils but from this time the modern women in our
family dressed like those in Europe or the United States.
The Iranian Oil Question
Iran's wealth based firstly on her mineral oil sources. For a long time this resource was a controversial subject of the several political powers in that area. At the turn of the 19th century the British Navy changed her charcoal-fired steam-driven cannon boats into warships with engines running by oil. Thus, oil became very important and British geologists knew about immense sources of mineral oil at the shores of the Persian Gulf in Iran’s South. At that time the Persians had neither the technical knowledge nor the facilities to handle the new found oil. On 18th May 1901 Mozaffar od-Din Shah gave the Anglo-Australian Prospector William Knox d'Arcy a concession to exploit all of Iran's oil fields for the term of 60 years (until 1961). D’Arcy paid for the concession a unique sum of 200,000 Gold Francs and offered the shah 16 percent of all future profits. But the main part still remained for the British. In 1903 the “First Mining Rights Exploitation Company” was found which started with several oil bores in the Bakhtiari tribal area of Masjed-e Soleyman. There, since antiquity in Persian temples eternal flames were fed by naphtha from natural oil sources there. After negotiations with some tribal chiefs the “Bakhtiari Company” was found. Also in Persia’s north and east new companies were found by Russians and Americans. But on 14th April 1909 by orders of the British admiralty, which was responsible for the machinery’s transportation and British subjects’ safety, all companies in Persia were united under the roof of the new found “Anglo-Persian Oil Company” (APOC). This consortium finally was successful in finding rich oil fields, and in 1911 the refinery of Abadan as centre of oil industry in Persia was put into operation. On an area in southern Persia of 24 square miles 200 oil-well derricks were erected the following 20 years. Between 1911 and 1925 these derricks carried more than 10 million tons of oil. The profit is so high the company counted with an asset of 26 million Pound Sterling in 1931. The production was raised from 43,000 tons per annum to 7 million tons. Former net gain of the “Anglo-Persian Oil Company”: 7 million Pound Sterling. Only 16 percent got the Persians. Now, Reza Shah demanded further agreements with the British, quitted the contract of 1901 and new negotiations started. They ended with the agreement of 29th April 1933 between the “Anglo-Persian Oil Company” now called “Anglo-Iranian Oil Company” (AIOC) and the Iranian government. The confession now was extended until 1993 but the exploiting area was only the half than before and Iran’s dividend was 20 percent plus a single bonus of one million Pound Sterling, paid immediately after signing the contract.
Responsible for the
negotiations with the British was one prominent family member, our uncle Mr Ali Asghar Zarrinkafsh.
He was the very first one who bore our family name as last name. Born as Mirza Ali Asghar Khan, second
son of Agha Mirza Zaman Khan Kordestani and younger brother to Agha Mirza Ali Akbar Khan, he fist
became tutor (ostad) of English and Russian to Soltan Ahmad Shah Qajar and
finally with his skills in languages started his career in the diplomatic
corps. In the time of Reza Shah Pahlawi Ali Asghar Zarrinkafsh
was the Iranian Government’s representative or Imperial Delegate
to the
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company between 1933 and 1939 and became an important
figure entitled like the Iranian Minister “His Excellency”. He made
reputation
when in November 1933 he was sent by the Iranian Government to Abadan,
the centre of Iranian oil refinery,
for negotiations with AIOC about the status and number of Iranian
employees in
the Company. But furthermore to the new agreement, the Iranian
Government
wished to strengthen its influence in the British dominated oil
industry in Iran and to
replace foreign workers by native Iranians. H.E. Ali Asghar Zarrinkafsh
claimed that the foreigners’ supply and equipment by the Iranian
government was
a burden for the state finances. Thus, AIOC suggested that the Iranian
government should make a draft plan which suits more their purposes and
Zarrinkafsh was assigned to create proposals for a further discussion.
On the
other side the British informed the Iranian Government that their
foreign
employees would not replaced by Iranian personnel and offering a
training for
them by the British was nothing more than a purely voluntary one.
Finally, in
April 1935 Zarrinkafsh, who refused to give a draft plan in the sense
of the company, went in negotiations with the British representative
Neville Gass who
was in charge of Iranian concessionary affairs for the company in
London. Between June and
August 1935 both men started to find an agreement which took place with
meeting
of AIOC’s president Sir William Fraser and Ambassador Hossein Ala, the
Iranian
Minister to Court of St. James, in March 1936 and ended with signing
the
General Plan document on 2nd of April 1936. AIOC granted additional housing and
supplies as well as building a technical school for the higher training of the
Iranian employees if Iran could assert that it would improve its own
educational facilities to train suitable Iranians in these jobs. Beside his diplomatic status and official duties in Great Britain, Zarrinkafsh became a personel friend to the Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VIII. In the late days of Reza Shah's reign Ali Asghar Zarrinkafsh
worked for the Iranian state in the Ministry of Finances, and until his retirement 1951 he was
headman of the Counsil of State's Developement and Progress at last under Dr. Mohammad
Mossadegh, who finally nationalized all of Iran's oil by act of parliament of 30th April 1951.
Ali Asghar Zarrinkafsh in the official garb of a minister at court.
H.E. Ali Asghar Zarrinkafsh was also one of those men who gathered to the “Iran Society”, a non-political scientific organization, which came into being on 19th of November 1935 when a seemingly self-appointed Council meeting was held at the Iranian Legation, 10 Princes Gate, London, under the chairmanship of H.E. Ambassador Hossein Ala. The others present were Ali Asghar Zarrinkafsh, Lord Lamington, Professor R. A. Nicholson and Messrs. Laurence Binyon, Alfred Bossom, E.H. Keeling and Basil Gray.
In 1925 Soltan Kazem Khan married as his second wife, after his first marriage by whom he had his eldest son Darius (who died by accident in early infancy) was divorced, Nosrat ol-Molouk Khanom Bahman (Qajar), Princess Malekeh-Afagh Khanom Bahmani-Qajar's daughter by Mirza Amanollah Khan Tabrizi Qajar-Zafarkhanlu "Zia os-Soltan" (to see her family see: The Bahman (Qajar) Ancestors). Nosrat ol-Molouk Khanom (lit. "Victory of the Kings"), called Khanom Jan ("Dear Lady") by the family, was born in 1899 at Bagh-e Shah in Tehran, died at 12th of December 1972 and was buried at her husband's side in the Zarrinnaal family mausoleum at Behesht-e Zahra. She was educated privately next to the general main lessons in French and a typical Qajar beauty.
Nosrat ol-Molouk Khanom Bahman (Qajar) with two
of her sisters-in-law in the gardens at Tehran in 1927.
About the first meeting of both and their later marriage it is said that female relatives told Kazem Khan about a beautiful young woman from a good family in Khiyaban-e Ferdowsi at Bagh-e Shah, the daughter of Mirza Amanollah Khan "Zia os-Soltan" and H.H. Princess Malekeh-Afagh Khanom Bahmani-Qajar. On a promenade to the bazaar he could take a first look on her and decided to ask her father for her hand. Then, one day Zia os-Soltan came to see his old friend and political opponent Nasr-e Lashkar and asked him, if he knows in military a lieutenant of artillery called Kazem Khan, who was interested in his own daughter. Nasr-e Lashkar asked for the division unit of this young officer and then answered Kazem Khan is his own son. When Zia os-Soltan heard that the candidate was his old friend's son and therefore came from a good family, too, he did accept a future marriage between both houses. The marriage was a love-match unusual in those days, and by Nosrat ol-Molouk Khanom, Kazem Khan had issued five children, four sons and one daughter: Abbas (born in 1926, who died in infancy), Zarrin Rokh called "Zar Zar" or "Zarri" by the family (born on 4th of August 1929), Ali Zarrinpour called "Pouri" (born on 4th of December 1930), Abdol Hossein Amir Keywan called "Keywan" (born on 31rst of December 1933) and Abol Reza Anushiravan called "Nushin" (born in 1935 and died in 1937 by typhoid fever).
Nosrat ol-Molouk Khanom Bahman and Kazem Khan Zarrinkafsch.
14. Our Parent's Generation: Zarrin Rokh, Ali Zarrinpour and Keywan Zarrinkafsch (Bahman-Qajar)
Abdol Hossein Amir Keywan Zarrinkafsch (Bahman-Qajar) in Tehran 1941, 1946 and 1956.
In Kiel he married on 19th of May 1972 Margrit Eva-Maria née Gentes, by whom he has a son, Arian Kazem Zarrinkafsch (Bahman-Qajar). In 1977 they moved to Hamburg.
15. The next Generation: Arian Kazem Zarrinkafsch (Bahman-Qajar)
Keywan Zarrinkafsch's son Arian Kazem Zarrinkafsch (Bahman-Qajar) was born on 28th of July 1973 in Kiel, Germany. He was educated at primary school Schenefelder Landstrasse, Hamburg 1980-1984, at grammar school Gymnasium Willhoeden Blankenese, Hamburg 1983-1993, civil service 1993-1995. He was student of law and then of Middle Eastern Studies focal point on Iranian history, culture and languages at Hamburg University. He works for Hamburg University as tutor in Middle Persian. Since 1992 member of the German-Iranian Society and since 2002 of International Qajar Studies Association (IQSA) and of Kadjar Family Association (KFA), as well as co-author in Qajar Studies: The Journal of the International Qajar Studies Association, Vol III (2003) and Vol VIII (2008).
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